Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essays

Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essays Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essay Essay on Drug Abuse and its Prevention Essay Drug Abuse Essay A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food. I chose drugs that impact me a lot. It’s a sad fact that drugs are being abused among people not only in our country but also it is practiced by others especially the teenagers in our generation maybe because the lack of attention of parents to children or the friends were bad influence, but I believe it’s not excuse to be involved in such a situation like this. It is the choice of an individual whether he/she will be influenced by or follow what others do to make their lives miserable. Drug abuse is what I would consider a pretty severe problem we have here in the Philippines. There are many different types of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, and heroine to just list a few. These drugs are all fairly simple to produce. Teenage drug abuse Teenagers use drugs because they want to fit in. No one wants to be the only one not participating. No one wants to be left out. So sometimes they make bad decisions, like taking drugs, to cover-up their insecurities. * Because they want to escape or relax. * Because they think it makes them seem grown-up. * Because they want to rebel. Sometimes people turn to drugs not so much for themselves, but to make a statement against someone else, such as their families or society in general. * Because they are curious. Adolescents are curious about having new experiences. Seeing someone doing drugs makes them more curious to know how drugs will make them feel. It is important that kids are kept away from this type of environment. * Because of the Peer Pressure * Emotional pressure. Loneliness and depression raise emotional pressure, and some teens seek a chemical solution to this problem. * Because they are bored Often-bored-teen are 50 percent more likely than not often bored teens to smoke, drink, and use illegal drugs. Teens who cant talk to their parents are more likely to feel isolated, and use drugs. * Because they want attention. Ways to prevent drug abuse The reasons above should never be an excuse to abuse ourselves. While it’s practically impossible to prevent anyone and everyone from using drugs, there are things we can all do to avoid drug and/or alcohol abuse. By sharing this knowledge with those closest to you, you yourself may be able to prevent them from doing drugs, too. Good communication with all family members, especially with our parents would be one of the effective ways for us not to sort on taking drugs when it comes to dealing with our problems.

Campaign Finance Reform essays

Campaign Finance Reform essays Money has been the main issue said to be corrupting politics, and the use of money in campaigns is not said to be in the best interest of the American people. Campaign Finance has been out of control in the recent political races. Candidates are taking money from wherever they can get it. The soft money is going into elections without any type of care. The people or businesses making these contributions usually dont have the typical views on issues and candidates end up representing the wrong people. Money seems to decide races, and this sometimes leaves the better man who spends less money out of a position. Candidates usually make decisions based on what will help them and what is better for the people. Contributions by corporations are not made in the interest of the people, hurting them in ways they dont even know. With this occurring campaign finance reform is needed to keep our country fair in politics. Corporations who usually make the largest donations to campaigns dont share the same views as many Americans. Politicians will listen to the people who give them money so they can depend on that money always being there. The issue with these people having more power in government than the people with less money is taking away from the equal opportunities for everyone and that is wrong. There has to be a change in the way that campaigns are financed if it is to become fair. Politicians will probably eventually only work for those with money if it isnt reformed. Money has been the major factor in most political races. It can usually sway a decision on the way its used. From what we found, is that in the House, the candidate who spends the most money on their campaign wins 90% of the time and almost 90% of the time in the Senate too. The is causing everyone to be desperate for money to win and candidates are force ...

MLA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MLA - Essay Example Michael scores rather high marks in the first category of Need for Achievement. He is always optimistic and very self-sufficient. He is self-employed, does his own cooking, repairs his automobile, and maintains a garden. Even when he is facing a hardship, he has the forward-looking drive to see his plans through and let nature run its course. As an example, whenever he does something, whether baking a cake or fixing a car, he always goes out of his way to attend to details that are almost trivial. Yet, that is what it takes to be an enterprising individual. He is a perfectionist and an over achiever that is seldom swayed from the task at hand. In the second category, Need for Independence and Autonomy, Michael would be considered extremely enterprising. He is self-employed in a one-man business and always does all the work himself without any outside or hired help. He is very determined and never gets rattled by pressure or unexpected events. He dislikes taking orders, though I have always attributed that to his short stint in the military. Michael does his own thing according to his own schedule. Michael also has the Creative Tendencies required to be a successful enterpriser. He writes poetry, short stories, and is working on a novel. In addition, he plays several musical instruments and has written over 200 songs. Every time I see Michael, he is telling me about some new idea for a product whose patent will gain him fame and fortune. However, while his writing is very good, he has only very limited success. His songs languish in his mind and never make it into the studio or in front of the record producers. His ideas are soon forgotten as he moves on to the next blockbuster. Michael has the creativity to be enterprising, but something must be holding him back. Michael is a risk taker, but is careful not to put too much on the line at once. While I have seen him leave a good job to

Pregnancy and Child Bearing Practices of People of Mexican Culture Assignment

Pregnancy and Child Bearing Practices of People of Mexican Culture - Assignment Example aditions play a critical role in determining what a pregnant woman does and whether she can seek conventional healthcare specifically prenatal and antenatal care. This paper will discuss the pregnancy and childbearing practices of the Mexican people. According to the American statistics, Mexican Americans registered a birthrate of 24.3% in 2007. Notably, the Mexican Americans have registered increasing birthrates over the years. In the Mexican culture, multiple births are a normal aspect of life. The financially unstable groups have a view that having a high number of children serves as evidence of their virility. Women begin the childbearing process between the ages of 19 and 24. The Mexican culture has numerous fertility practices, specifically linked to their Catholic religion. Women in the Mexican culture consider prolonged breastfeeding as a strategy of controlling birth. Therefore, women are less likely to use contraceptives in an effort to plan their families. The perception of the Mexican people towards abortion is that it is morally wrong and is only permissible if the mother’s life is at risk. However, with the increasing acculturation to the American mainstream culture, some parts of Mexico have continuously pr acticed abortion. Notably, the Catholic religion, which has a critical influence on the Mexican culture, does not forbid the use of contraceptives (Barragan et al., 2011, p. 615). Therefore, women can choose to use contraceptives instead of relying on prolonged breastfeeding. However, some forms of birth control practices such as the use of female condoms and creams do not have a place in the Mexican culture. The Mexican culture is highly selective on the most appropriate contraceptives that women can use. Notably, Mexicans believe that women should not touch their private parts, hence they consider the use of female condoms against their culture. Birth control pills also receive a negative perception in the Mexican culture. Mexicans view

Mayan Civilization Essay Example for Free

Mayan Civilization Essay * Which of the three Mesoamerican civilizations is most significant? Explain. The most significant Mesoamerican civilization is the Mayans. The Mayans are the most important for many different reasons. They were a very intelligent civilization and their inventions and discoveries are what set them apart from the other Mesoamerican civilizations. The Mayans civilization was the most significant for multiple reasons. They were the only Mesoamerican civilization that had a written language. It was called Maya Script or Maya hieroglyphs. It is currently the only Mesoamerican writing system that has substantially been deciphered. Not only did they have their own system of writing, they were very clever mathematicians. They had a counting system that was represented by only a dot, a bar, and a symbol for zero. The Mayans were some of the only people to understand the meaning of the zero. This was a huge step in mathematics. Another major discovery was the calendar. The Mayans were most interested in astronomy. They made an astronomical observatory that consisted of 3 windows at the top to determine when the fall and spring equinox, 365 steps to resemble the 365 days on the calendar and a serpent head at the bottom of the stairs. On March 21st the body of the serpent would appear to slither down the pyramid and point towards their water supply. The Mayans were gifted people who made a substantial impact on their time. With their writing, mathematics, and their astronomy as only some of their greatest accomplishments, this proves that the Mayans were the most significant Mesoamerican civilization.

designer toys :: essays research papers

There's a movement under foot. It's a blend of art and toys and it's struck a chord with toy collectors and art lovers alike. It's Urban Vinyl and this is a brief history for those who'd like to learn a little more about this art movement in the making. First, to understand Urban Vinyl, one must throw aside their conventional ideas of what makes a great toy. Sure, design of the piece plays a big part in the making of both. But the big difference is that Urban Vinyl is original from the start. This is true art, not a replication of another form. For example, more than likely, you base how much you like your Gonzo action figure on how much it looks like the actual Gonzo. In order to appreciate Urban Vinyl you enjoy it for what it is. There are no preconceived notions because what the piece is; is all it is, man. Also, things like articulation aren't as important because the Vinyl isn't always made to be played with. Yes, I know you play with your Skeletor. We all do. [Ed note: Shake it more than twice and you're playing with it.] But Urban Vinyl is created with art sensibilities in mind, so sculpt and design are the most important ingredients. Now I'm not saying that people like the Four Horsemen aren't amazing craftsmen. They are. Bu t what they are doing is giving us their take on an already designed character. This is original to a point, but Urban Vinyl is original all the way to its core. So how did the plastic move from the pegs to the pedestals? It all starts in Hong Kong with a man named Michael Lau. It was the late nineties and Lau was showing paintings in galleries and working in advertising. He was employed by a music group named Anidoze to create the cover art for an upcoming album. Instead of a 2-D design he created an original action figure and photographed it. He had been making original figures for a while for friends and family, and decided to create one for the cover, showing a broader audience his style. It received a very warm response and led to the first official Urban Vinyl line, The Gardeners. These were 12 inch vinyl figures that represented a modern positive lifestyle. No violence or drugs, but tattooed, pierced, and wearing clothes that the urbanites were wearing at the time.

Change and People

Outline for â€Å"The Psychological Impact of Dejobbing† †¢ â€Å"You are what you do† – most Americans are defined in terms of their jobs, connected to a wider community through their jobs, and provided with structure and purpose by their jobs. †¢ What you must learn, for today’s job environment – learn to live with work situations that are not framed by job descriptions and clear reporting relationships. We will have to learn to live with multiple roles, where the role mix changes frequently.And we will have to find the income we need in such unstable and unpredictable conditions †¢ The most difficult aspect of being laid off or otherwise â€Å"dejobbed† – The hardest part of being laid off is the mental aspect. † In the long run it will probably be the psychological aspect of dejobbing that people find most difficult. Incomes are modular and portable; they can be replaced. Replacing the psychological rewards tha t jobs have provided is far more difficult. What work gives each of us, cognitively and emotionally – A job gives people parts to play and tells them what they need to do to feel good about their contribution. It gives them a way of knowing when they have done enough, and it tells them when their results are satisfactory. Jobs provide people with a place where they need to show up regularly, a list of things they’ve got to do; a role to play in some larger undertaking; a set of expectations to be measured against.It gives them an everyday sense of purpose, and fulfilling such purpose is a source of self-esteem. For people whose personal lives are not going very well, the job may be the only source of self-esteem. †¢ Relationship between order and change in the world of work today – The art of progress is to preserve order amid change and to preserve change amid order. † It is important to recognize this reciprocal relationship and to understand that c hange and stability are not in an either-or relationship to one another†¦Without order, change has nothing to work on†¦but without hange, order cannot be maintained through time†¦You can feel this relation between change and order when you ride a bicycle: you need to keep making little turns, or else you won’t travel straight and stay upright for very long†¦what the dejobbed worker needs to look for is neither a way to recover absolute stability, nor a way to live with utter chaos, but a dynamic kind of order that does not block the flow of change How to give a sense of structure and meaning to your life if you are ever â€Å"dejobbed†: I.Grouping changes: 1. Goals – listing the three most important goals you have now†¦we’re looking for big, comprehensive goals here, not the many little ones. Then, decide what intermediate objectives (no more than three) each of your goals requires you to meet in the near future. Your to-do list c omes from these nine objectives, but nine is too many. Prioritize them. Which three need to be done pronto? Which three could wait until next week? Which three simply have to be done sometime pretty soon? Now, take the ‘prontos. What immediate, first step does each of them demand? Write them down. Those are the actions you are going to take this week. 2. Steps – After any big change in your life, you are going to have to reprioritize again, because any big change changes the value you put on everything in your life†¦It’s also important to keep others up to date on what your priorities are, since any change is going to affect other people, too. The minute you start considering others, you will find that priority-setting isn’t a game of solitaire. . Actions – Keeping your priorities in order is easier if you are not being swamped by sudden and unexpected changes understand better than others the implications of changes that have already taken pl ace. 4. Environmental shifts – , it is important to improve your capacity to see disruptive changes coming†¦subtle shifts in the environment that have already taken place but have not yet been fully recognized by the people who will be affected by them†¦The demise of jobs is such a shift:†¦closure of ilitary bases, the massive restructuring of the health care industry,†¦ the end of American dominance in world markets†¦What economic, technological, demographic or cultural changes in your own work environment fall into this 5. Internal audit – conduct an audit of your†¦expectations, habits, contacts and personal â€Å"rules,† in regard to how they affect your ability to handle constant change. For each of these ask yourself, what is hindering you? What is helping you? Expectations: do you have expectations that are continually being violated by the next change, such as: †¢ After this change, things will settle down. †¢ If yo u are employed by a large organization, you will be insulated from the ravages of constant change. †¢ If you â€Å"do a good job† for your employer, you’ll remain on the payroll. †¢ A human being will always be able to do your job better than a machine will. †¢ The government will step in if the competition from overseas gets too intense. †¢ Long service to an organization will be viewed as a plus. Habits: It is critical for you to stay up to date on the social, technical and economic changes that are likely to have an impact on the kind of work you do†¦decide what periodicals you would read, and what professional or trade meetings you would attend, if you were an independent professional in the field. †¢ Contacts: Are you ready to launch a personal business-development effort tomorrow by contacting the first two or three of the several dozen people who could help you move in whatever direction you decided was appropriate?These would be pe ople who, themselves, have contacts; or who know a lot about something you need to understand; or who might be partners in a joint venture, or who have resources you might be able to use, or who would be able to attest to your potential and accomplishments. †¢ Personal â€Å"Rules†: Most of us are still playing under the old rules. You need to keep an eye out for them via your self-audit and replace them when find them; rules such as: †¢ Don’t leave a job when good jobs are hard to get. Remember, your present job is only temporarily expedient†¦it is going to disappear. The best jobs go to the people with the best qualifications. This is a half-truth, because the whole idea of â€Å"qualification† is changing. The old ‘qualifications’ included degrees or other formal certification, experience in a similar job, and recommendations. Today, most recommendations are known to be hot air or tail-covering platitudes. Experience is more likely to produce a repetition of the past than the kind of new approach that today’s conditions demand. And there often isn’t any degree or certification in the activity that today’s organization needs.The new meaning of â€Å"qualification† is – your D. A. T. A. †¢ Don’t try to change careers after forty. †¢ Getting into the â€Å"right business† assures a secure future†¦designating any field (as the â€Å"right† one) would be bad advice because although there are parts of the economy that are destined to expand, no part of the economy immune to dejobbing. †¢ It doesn’t matter what you want; it’s what â€Å"they† want that counts. Most of us were raised on this one. Maturity was a matter of tempering our wants and of conforming to what someone with more influence and resources wanted of us.But today, it doesn’t matter nearly as much what an organization wants as it used to. The power has moved elsewhere; the only â€Å"they† that matters much any more is, customers. †¢ You have to be a salesman to get ahead today. Not necessarily, but what you do need is†¦a clear understanding of why someone needs what you have and do, and the ability to make your case effectively. Many people who do those well have no experience or interest in sales as a field. II. Changes in how work-related words are being defined: 1. â€Å"Qualification† – 2. â€Å"Risky† vs. â€Å"responsible† employment – III.Frames of meaning: 1. Identity/integrity – is about psychological rather than ethical. It means wholeness With so much change and fragmentation in the new career world, you need a solid core of self. You have to be true to who you are; to your identity. Here, â€Å"identity† means sameness. It refers to the thread of being-the-same-person that runs through all the actions and relationships and statements of an integrate d person. Thus the integrity/identity frame is capable of both maintaining continuity and containing change†¦It is the thread of sameness on which differing activities can be strungThe life journey – The first is a journey toward some external goal: influence and power, a happy family, salvation, or self-actualization. The characteristic of this journey is that it has a recognizable destination that is so desirable that we are willing to put up with the hardships along the way. Those hardships are just hurdles or barriers to be overcome. We may even see barriers as â€Å"filters† that keep the impure, the undeveloped or the basely motivated from reaching the valuable goal. We may also view them as filters that screen out those elements in ourselves, in which case we say that the journey made us better people.On this second type of journey we are trying to become the people we are meant to be. We’re â€Å"ugly ducklings† who don’t know that we are really swans†¦we fail to see that most of what the â€Å"great people† of the world have accomplished was not done because they were different but because they were not busy trying to be somebody else. Most of what has been worth doing†¦was accomplished by people who were (like you and me, most of the time) self-doubting, ambivalent and more than a bit discouraged.This second type of journey frames the difficulties along the way no so much as hurdles to be cleared as signals to be attended to, or even lessons to be learned†¦When someone on this journey says that â€Å"there are no accidents,† that does not mean hat we are living according to some great computer program in the sky, but simply that those times when â€Å"the wrong thing happens† are simply the times when we are looking at the world through the filters formed by our outgrown expectations.It means that if we could see the accidental as if it were part of a lesson plan, Our origina l goals and expectations are little more than the â€Å"bait† that lure us into whatever is the next leg of the journey. Anyone who has come to appreciate these things and can see how often the life journey includes or even depends upon events and situations that we didn’t really want to happen can appreciate the definition of the journey offered by an anonymous sage: â€Å"A journey is a trip after you’ve lost your luggage. 1. Where you place your loyalties – As people get tossed around in the changes that are constantly happening in today’s organizations, they lose their loyalty to organizations and increase their loyalty to the kind of work they do. This constitutes a shift in the continuity-producing frame. The organization can no longer perform that task, since the individual’s connection with it is too easily broken. Only something portable can, so the profession, the vocation, or the work becomes the frame.In another version of the s ame process, â€Å"professional growth† becomes the frame. Here the work and the journey metaphor are blended, as the changes that the person encounters are translated into chances to learn more about one’s vocation†¦The journey of increasing expertise and the journey toward mastery become personally meaningful frames, for they contain and give meaning to not only one’s achievements, but even to very serious work-related failures and disappointments. 2. Reality† – Quantum physics has taught us to think in terms of energy fields rather than solid matter, and has show us that some life changes occur not gradually or piecemeal as ordinary experience would suggest, but in â€Å"quantum leaps† wherein a pattern of energy moves suddenly from one state or level to another. Life sometimes has that quality – we wake up one morning and â€Å"everything has changed. † The career that looked fine yesterday is today trivial and worthles s. The relationship that was very important to us yesterday suddenly isn’t.Or perhaps chaos theory provides an more effective metaphor. If the organization is not like a set of children’s building blocks, all horizontals and verticals on the organizational chart, perhaps the organization is more like flowing water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Points† are unreal; it’s all flux. The patterns are like weather systems, only predictable in the very short term – yet undeniably ordered by some principle beyond randomness. Contemporary chaos theory talks about so-called strange attractors, which are the ordering principles within such apparently random patterns.They are found in water flows, in the seasons, in the rise and fall of animal populations, in the behavior of financial markets†¦Such a ‘frame’ has the feel of life, its messiness-without-meaninglessness, its constant change and continuous transformation†¦ Create â€Å"Islands of Order† : One of the ways to manage a life of constant change is to maintain stability in some areas your life by not letting change into them†¦some people whose careers have taken them all over the world have kept a home base somewhere that they return to whenever they need to put the pieces back together again.Many people whose work associates come and go†¦keep a circle of friends which changes very little. Many people who go through professional identities as though they were seasonal clothing maintain a spiritual discipline†¦or play a sport seriously. These are the solid points of contact are their rock, which enable them to move safely. Other islands of order are temporal and periodic: quiet time every weekend, every other weekend, one weekend every month; a half-hour of meditation or solitary exercise every morning; two or three weeks â€Å"away from it all† every summer.Some time-outs are occasional: a break, a totally free and passive period at the end of every big project. Some are spontaneous: a sudden decision to spend the afternoon at a movie, take a hike or swim, instead of working. Other islands of order are spatial. They are places where the person goes to break the pattern of constant change. It may be a little park near where you work that you stop by every lunch hour. It may be a room (even a corner of a room) in your house or a chair under a tree in the backyard.It may be a motel room you rent at the beach. Whatever and wherever they are, these are places of order, where you take a break from constant input and output. Still other islands of order are created by favored activities. They may be hobbies†¦stamp collecting†¦playing a musical instrument or a sport†¦cooking, listening to music, taking walks, gardening, doing carpentry, brushing a horse, or training a dog. The common element is that time slows down, even stands still, when you do them.

Reflection of a public health nurse

Development of   handwashing program in schools has been a challenge to the medical team   especially among   public health nurses. Many questions could   be raised before this program   be   implemented. As public health nurse, what can I contribute in the handwashing   program in school? Is my knowledge sufficient enough to initiate a program that could be of great help to everybody especially to children? What are the informations and   materials   do I need to gather to help me with this handwashing program?As public health nurse, I am one of the witnesses of the proper and improper ways of   Ã‚  hand sanitation among children. It is very important that this practice is initiated in schools among students. The importance of handwashing should be instilled in the minds of the students. They should be informed of what may be the possible diseases   or illnesses that can be acquired without handwashing. They should   practice on how and when to wash their han ds.Handwashing   Ã‚  remains the most cost effective way of disease spread prevention   such as colds, flu,   infectious diarrhea and even hepatitis A (Quan, 2006).   Since elementary school children are the most susceptible of acquiring the infection through   unwashed hands, Morton (2004) conducted a study   that determines the effectivity of   an alcohol gel as an adjunct to handwashing. This study resulted in reducing absenteeism secondary to infectious   illness.Campaign on hand hygiene through handwashing can be more effective  Ã‚   if there are materials that could remind every school child about   it. As public health nurse, we can conduct a program that needs parents and children’s participation. The program will showcase the importance and proper ways of handwashing.   Parents and school teachers will be given guidelines on how school children would be reminded of practicing handwashing.Based on the transtheoretical model, there are three prima ry components of changes to undergo to attain the goal of the program (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992).   According to the model, the people must pass through the stages of changes. At first, it is important to recognize the problem. In handwashing program in school, it is very important to impart to the   children even to the teachers and parents   that   their behavior towards the program is very crucial in the attainment of its objectives.They must bear in mind that this program will help them in prevention of acquiring disease.   After this stage, they should be ready for some changes in their individual habits especially when it comes to handwashing. Since children may not be ready for any changes in handwashing habit, it is very helpful for them if they could see or read some informations regarding the program.Placing some notes or posters of reminders on the board   Ã‚  or walls   in school would be advisable. Make   them reader- friendly. Making it c olorful, with graphics and pictures would surely attract their attention. They should be reminded to wash their hands when they are dirty, before and after eating and   Ã‚  after using the bathroom. Children should be encouraged to use tissue paper when blowing and wiping their nose. Even after playing with domestic animals such as cats and dogs. It is also   important   to wash their hands before and after playing with their friends (Quan, 2006).In this part, changes are made in individuals’ behaviour   Ã‚  and   practices toward   handwashing. Action of the teachers and parents   Ã‚  would   Ã‚  play a big role. It   Ã‚  is advisable to make the environment suitable for the children just like making the sink at their level of reach. Most of the children are not fond of washing their hands after the activity because the sink is too high for them. Soap and towel should also be present.   Finally, it should be borne in mind the integration of the  Ã‚   ch anges made.As public health nurses,   we should be ready to attend to the needs of   the people especially when it concerns with the implementation of health policy. It would be easier if the people   are concerned enough to the welfare of   one another. Program like this, handwashing in school is just the beginning of   a more   serious way towards healthy life. The most important thing is that  Ã‚   there are individuals who are willing to lend their hands to help for the betterment of   everybody. I think this is just one of the most important roles the public health nurses play.

Negotiation Analysis

Negotiation Analysis Introduction The term negotiation refers to a dialogue between two or more parties or people. It is aimed to reach an understanding, gain advantage in the result of dialogue, produce an agreement upon courses of action, resolve a certain issue and bargain for an individual or group. Negotiations always aim at compromise. Negotiation usually happens in businesses, non-profit organizations, legal proceedings, among nations and even in personal situations like marriage, divorce and parenting (Sparks, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of the growing trends in business and globalization, negotiation is usually used in the market places. Teams can effectively come to a conclusion to break down a negotiation. Partners must practice listening, writing and roles as team members (Sparks, 2003).Most of business and organizations are forced to merge and sell their businesses when they want to change their services or when they are faced with problems in the organization. This paper will discuss the negotiation of ATT and T-Mobile and the United States government who want to block the merger between the two mobile carriers. ATT and Mobile U.S. Mobile Carriers Case The merger of ATT and T-mobile started on March 20, 2011 and on 31st August the same year the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice in USA resolved to block the merger and it filed a lawsuit in federal court. AT T came up with the idea to buy T-Mobile for $39 billion from Deutsche Telekom (Weaver, 2011). ATT is the largest mobile company in the United Sates that has 33.7 million subscribers and if the deal were to succeed, ATT would have a 43% market share of mobile phones. On March 20, 2011, Deutsche Telecom accepted the stock and cash purchase that was offered by ATT for T-Mobile USA (Kent, 2010). After introduction of iPhone in 2007, T-mobile USA lost most of the rewarding customers and it dropped to 78.3% of subscribers in 2010 compared to 85% in 2006. T-Mobile had to come up with comparison with other mobile supporters like Verizon Wireless and ATT Mobility and it found that network upgrades and spectrum purchase were risky with the drop of customers and this led Deutsche Telecom to come up with the idea to sell. The merge must pass through a regulatory review whereby the two parties expected it to take 12 months and the deal requires an approval by the Department of Justice and Federal Communication Commission in US. Hearing on the acquisition of T-Mobile USA by ATT was held in May by the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights. During this hearing, senators raised questions to the companies CEOs about the effects of the merger and competition issues. The two companies denied the right that they were competitors (Kent, 2010).Advertising Looking for term paper on business communication? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The suit that was filed by the DOJ in the District of Colombia was to have the court stop the merger of ATT with T-Mobile. It claimed that the combination of the two companies would lead to a situation where customers of mobile wireless telecommunications services would face higher prices, there would be less product variety and innovation and the services offered would be poor due to reduction in incentives to invest than would be without the merger. The suit argued that the market of T-Mobile strategy had been to be the challenger brand hence it would bring new innovations and new prices to the market place (Leo 2001). According to Andrade (2001), the proposed merger of ATT with T-Mobile will improve the future for wireless consumers that will help the young people to have internet connections. The combination would also shape the future for wireless consumers. With the wide creation of device s and an increase in adoption rates of wireless service, the merger would lead to many arguments. The representatives of the companies argue that it will be an advantage to merge the two mobile supporters. This is because they are convinced that combining ATT and T-Mobile’s mutually compatible networks will deliver numerous benefits to consumers especially for the Latino communities (Andrade, 2001). This is because the resources, skills and experiences of the workers will be merged to have one common mobile carrier that ensures quality services and prompt responses to customer care. Merging the two networks will help the combined company to deliver the world’s best-advanced wireless services to all communities in America. This will enable people to have access to a wide variety of distance learning, telemedicine and applications of e-commerce (Andrade, 2001).It will create new opportunities of mobile broadband for Latinos who were underserved with the service. The merg ing will benefit the citizens so matter where they live. Because large numbers of Latinos live a mobile life style, including many migrant workers, they must accept a transaction that would increase the ability of Latinos to keep in touch with their employers, schools, and family. The merger will add value and increase personal and professional opportunities for Americans. They will be able to have so many chances to enjoy their lives and take part in e-learning hence improving the living status of the citizens (Andrade, 2001). It is argued that the merger would create many high quality jobs and provide access to new economic opportunities to the citizens. ATT had announced to come up with 5,000 job opportunities to the jobless in the society and no job losses to the people who will be working in the wireless call centre when the merge will be approved. There were some people and organizations who criticized the merge with the argument that the merger will reduce employment (Andrade , 2001).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The promise of the merging the two companies and the expansion of wireless networks that support Latinos’ increasingly mobile lifestyle, the expansion of job opportunity, and ATT’s performance in managing the job impacts of past mergers, has proven that the merger deserves support from Americans and the community as a whole (Andrade, 2001). Public comments seem to be against the merger, but ATT has been skillful to come up with support from all corners of the technology world. Microsoft, Qualcomm and Facebook joined with the technology giants to offer support t ATT and T-Mobile merger (Kent, 2011).The combination of the country’s second- and fourth-largest wireless carriers would lead to violation of the antitrust law and lessen competition in the market place (Tom, Sara and Jeff, 2011). A rejecti on of the merge by regulators would leave ATT liable to pay Deutsche Telekom $3 billion in cash, to give T-Mobile USA wireless spectrum, and to reduce charges for calls into ATT’s network, a package valued at as much as $7 billion, Deutsche Telekom place (Tom et al, 2011). The acquisition would lead to ATT displacing Verizon Wireless that belongs to Verizon Communities Inc and Vodafone Group PLC as the number one U.S wireless carrier. ATT and Verizon would control most of the profits in the market place (Tom et al, 2011). The ATT T-Mobile merger would be a major achievement for ATT and it would make the mobile carrier the largest provider in the United States. According to Leo (2001), ATT has effectively neutralized T-Mobile as a competitor, especially since T-Mobiles current owner, Deutsche Telekom AG, has indicated that it did not plan to make any more investments in T-Mobile. ATT enjoys many of the benefits of the merger like reduced number of competitors with paying bill ion for the acquisition. If the merger between ATT and T-Mobile is successful, Verizon will not have a rest.The deal would allow Verizon to maintain its spectrum advantage and negotiation leverage it currently enjoys. However, if the ATT T-Mobile deal goes through, regulators likely will not approve consolidation. If the ATT/T-Mobile merger is approved by the Department of Justice and the FCC, they will review their combined network assets. (The Department of Justice sued to prevent the merger in August, so the merger may not go through or ATT and T-Mobile may have to negotiate a settlement that involves the sale of some network assets to other wireless providers like Sprint or MetroPCS (David and James,2006).Advertising Looking for term paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More ATT and T-Mobile moved to dismiss the complaints, arguing that Sprint and Cellular South failed to adequately show the merger would cause them antitrust injury. Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle said the majority of the claims would actually be dismissed, but let a few of Sprint and Cellular Souths complaints stand. According to Leo (2011), ATT will not just walk away from the merger because if the merger does not occur ATT has to pay a breakup fee of $ 3 billion in cash and make other allowances to Deutsche Telekom worth other $3 billion hence it will pay a break up cost of $6 billion. Such a breakup would strengthen one of its main competitors in communication. ATT will not surrender unless they see that the case is hopeless. ATT will have to pose a challenge to the governments case. The major idea of the case is the concentration of the carrier in the market (Tom et al, 2011). Without T-Mobile, the market would have no effective check on price increases or technological stagnation by ATT and Verizon. Frankens section on consumer prices concludes that Sprint places very little pressure on the prices of ATT and Verizon, because it charges only marginally less than they do. The elimination of the lowest cost national wireless option likely explains why so many T-Mobile customers are opposed to this deal (Leo, 2011). According to Tom et al, (2011) ATT submitted new economic models to the FCC and it stated that the merger would lead a reduction of price and increase the services in the metropolitan markets. These models gave more detailed support for the arguments that the merger will reduce strains on the company’s wireless network, lower costs and increase quality of services provided since the resources and personnel will be merged. It will also increase the number of expatriates in the communication sector. The merge of ATT and T-Mobile would lead to tens of millions of consumers all across the United States facing higher prices, there will be few choices and lower quality products for mobile wireless services. Consumers across the country even those who live in the rural areas and those who have lower incomes will benefit from the competition amount the wireless carriers. The FCC cannot reject or accept the merger proposal but it has to be involved in the negotiation process because it helps in the regulation of wireless spectrum and since ATT and T-Mobile have their license from FCC, it must approve the transfer of those licenses (Tim, 2002). Communication has to be used as a link to have effective negotiations. Communication workers of America (CWA) reported that the merger would create new job opportunities and they had to support the deal.The ATT/T-Mobile merger will save, and create more U.S. jobs than when T-Mobile is alone in the market. On the other hand, some of the people including Sprit Nextel argue that if the two companies merge there will be reduced competition in the cell phone industry, it will raise cost of the service s provided, there will be few choices of handsets, the quality of the services will be poor and less innovative(Tom et al, 2011). The Justice Department will look for any violation of antitrust law. FCC has to evaluate whether the issue is in the public interest it will also take into account whether the deal will encourage competition and use of new services and whether it increase the prices or harm consumers through anti-competitive behavior in the markets. If FCC sees that the merger is the best for the interest of the consumers, it would reject the merge and then ATT would not be able to make a transfer the T-Mobile license and use of that spectrum and ATT would appeal any decision by FCC. The U.S. government does not have the power to approve or disapprove of a merger. Companies are free to merge if they like, but for mergers and acquisitions of a certain size, they are required to notify the government of the transaction. This requirement was established under the Hart-Scott- Rodino Act, which mandates that companies involved in the merger should provide the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice with information about the merger before it occurs (Tim, 2002). If the merger occurs without divestitures, T-Mobile and ATT are going to do away with some cell sites. The eliminating of these types of expensive redundancies was a large part of the merger with ATT. Sprint’s and Cellular South’s complaints provide realistic support for the allegation that ATT already has a significant market power as a purchaser of mobile wireless devices, and that the acquisition of T-Mobile would threaten them with harm. Sprint alleges that the proposed transaction would add T-Mobile’s 34 million customers to ATT’s 95 million customers, leaving the merged entity with 129 million customers that is an increase (David and James, 2006). Sprint alleges that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has found that while larger carriers can negotiate handset exclusivity agreements, smaller carriers such as Sprint cannot. Sprint cites Apple’s iPhone as an example. ATT was the exclusive provider of the iconic iPhone from 2007 until early 2011, when Apple gave Verizon a time to-market advantage most likely because Verizon had the largest subscriber base in the United States. The merger will provide T-Mobile management workers a voice in the work place It will be neutral and allows workers to make their own decisions about whether or not to join a union. T-Mobile will actively intervene in this process through such practices as requiring workers to attend anti-union meetings, pressuring workers to report on any union contacts, and taking photos of workers accepting union literature. After the merger, T-Mobile’s workers will be able to make their own decision without fear or management interference (David and James, 2006). Phases of a Negotiation Process According to Juan (2001), there are four phases of nega tion process namely; pre-negotiation, Conceptualization, Settling the Details and Follow-up and these will be discussed. Pre-Negotiation This is the phase whereby the partners determine whether there is a good reason to conduct the negotiation. The parties come up with the specifics that they want to negotiate about, and then establish an agenda before they commence the talks. It is in this phase that the identification of the people who will take part in the talks is done considering their authority and responsibility in the talk. It is essential to collect the information of the interested parties, their companies, and the individual interests. This is a critical process as it aids in the formulation of the goals and objectives that are to be achieved. It is also in this phase where time, location and date for the process of negotiation are determined. This can be done though faxes, phone calls and e-mails. The two parties have already passed this phase. Conceptualization This is the second phase of the negotiation process. Here, the basis of the negotiation is created with the use of the issues at hand. Discussions are held to have a common understanding of the basic concepts of agreement sought. Definition of goals and objectives of the parties is done though establishment of compatibility. Both parties have to be satisfied with the agreement reached and if not terms of partnership have to be reframed until they are in agreement. In the case of ATT and T-Mobile case, the two carriers have already reached a consensus for the agreement and the problem is not the government that has filled a case to block the merger. Settling the Details This is the final stage of the agreement. External specialists are involved to complete the details of the business enterprise and risks that are to be taken. The possible problems that may occur are discussed and possible solutions are formulated. Details relating to production, task responsibility, management and authority are discussed. The last part of the agreement is left for the legal experts. These individuals critically scrutinize the document and come up with final draft that clearly states the rules, regulations and obligations of each party to the contract that legally binds them. In the case of ATT and T-Mobile, they are in the phase of settling details where the government is giving the possible risks of the merge, the problems and how it will affect the state negatively. The government is claiming that, services will be poor after the merge. Follow-up The two parties have not reached this phase that is the final phase in negotiation process. There will be no follow-ups because the negotiations and contract between the two parties has not been resolved. Government officials were involved in the process and there are those who supported and those who opposed the merger idea. The attorneys general of Arkansas, Utah, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Dakot a, West Virginia, and Wyoming wrote a joint letter of support to the FCC on July 27. In addition, on September 16, the attorneys general of California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Washington sent their letter opposing the merger. Months earlier, New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman made an announcement that his office was to take a thorough review of TTs acquisition of T-Mobile and come up with an analysis of the effects anticompetitive effects of merger on businesses and consumers (German, 2010). Steps in Negotiation Process The negotiation process has to involve many steps for them to come up with a partnership. According to Calum (2010), there are five styles of negotiation namely, compete, accommodate, avoid, compromise and collaborate. These styles will be discussed to see the styles that are applicable for the ATT and T-Mobile case. Compete (I win You lose) This is where the negotiators follow their own needs even if it means the others s uffer. The negotiators are focused on their shorter terms gains, they use powers, personality, market share, economic threats, brand strength. In the case of ATT and T-Mobile, the parties can negotiate with the government with the argument that ATT is facing economic problems and cannot meet the market demand. The parties can use this style of negotiation because they need immediate compliance Calum (2010). Accommodate (I Lose You Win) This is the style whereby relationship is everything. The negotiation aims at giving people what they want. In the case of T-Mobile and ATT versus the United States Government, they would conduct a negotiation process that will benefit the citizens because most of the citizens are for the idea of the merge so that there can be improved services. So in this case the government will lose and the mobile carriers (ATT and T-Mobile) will win the case and embark to merge their services (Calum, 2010). Avoid (I Lose You Lose) This is also referred to as pas sive aggressive negotiation whereby the parties do not want conflict. This can be used when the value of investing time to get a negotiation outweighs the benefit or when the case is trivial to both parties. Because the two parties do not want to lose, then they should not apply this style in their negotiation process. If this style is used it will lead to a loss because ATT owes T-Mobile a check for $3 billion and reduced charges for dialing into ATTs network as part of a package that’s worth somewhere around $7 billion (Calum, 2010). Compromise (I Lose / Win Some You Lose / Win Some) This style involves splitting the difference that results to half way to both parties. This is where both parties win and lose. In the case of ATT and T-Mobile if this style is used it will not have good results because the resources will not be merged fully (Calum, 2010). The US government should look at a situation whereby each party will win and lose a situation so that the best services ca n be provided to the citizens. Collaborate (I Win You Win) It is also called win-win style whereby negotiation make sure that both parties have their needs met. The two mobile carriers can use this style to come up with a situation where neither of the party will lose. They can negotiate and make some adjustments and the partnership can make a contract to provide high quality services after the merger. In this case, it means that the government will win for the services and the mobile carriers will win to merge. This should be a negotiation in which both parties feel positive about the situation when the negotiation is concluded. This helps to maintain a positive working relationship afterwards. If the styles are used appropriately, the negotiation process will be successful Conclusion Every negotiation starts with a process followed by a strategy because without either, then it would be just a disagreement with any kind of resolution to the issue. Making sure that you get what you set out for is important but does not necessarily mean that the other person has to lose in the negotiation so making sure to go through the process and then coming up with a strategy ensures that all parties come out with a win-win rather than a win-lose negotiation. Quality of Service for ATT Will Improve because of a reduction in the number of dropped calls, less network congestion and an increased speed of connections due to added spectrum from T-Mobile, increased cell tower density and broader network infrastructure. In the long term, a post-merger ATT will be better able to retain and increase jobs because it will be in a more significant position to expand and extend its business than either ATT or T-Mobile could as separate carriers. References Andrade, J. (2011) ATT/T-Mobile Combination Is A Good Deal for America And For Latinos. Fiercereason. Web. Calum, C. (2010) Negotiation Conflict Styles. Web. David, L. James, S. (2006) 3D Negotiation. Harvard: Harvard Business Schoo l Press. German, K. (2010) States weigh in on ATT-T-Mobile merger. CNET. Web. Kent. G. (2011) On Call: Civil rights groups line up behind ATT-T-Mobile merger. CNET. Web. Leo W. (2011) ATT/T-Mobile Merger: Lets Call It What It Is, Part II. Web. Sparks, B. (2003) The Dynamics of Effective Negotiation (second edition). Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Co. Tim C. (2002) Regulators may approve ATT merger with T-Mobile after all. Web. Tom, M., Sara, S. Jeff, K. (2011) T-Mobile Antitrust Challenge Leaves ATT With Little Recourse on Takeover. Web. Weaver, P. (2011) Deutsche Telekom keeps it US Options Open. Telecoms.com. Web.

General Belisarius - Byzantine Military Hero

General Belisarius - Byzantine Military Hero This profile of Belisarius is part ofWhos Who in Medieval History   Byzantine Military Hero Being the leading Byzantine general during the reign of Emperor Justinian I. He won significant battles against the Persians and Ostrogoths, suppressed the Nike Revolt, and served his emperor with unstinting loyalty. Occupations: Military Leader Places of Residence and Influence: Byzantium (The Eastern Roman Empire) Important Dates: Born: 505Takes back the city of Rome: Dec. 9, 536Died: March, 565 About Belisarius: Belisarius served in Justinians bodyguard and earned a command in his mid-twenties. After distinguishing himself in several battles against the Sasanian Empire, he returned to Constantinople, where he quashed the Nike Revolt. Next he scored notable victories against Germanic peoples in his quest to win back Italy for Justinian. His subsequent successes against the Ostrogoths were overshadowed by political difficulties. He fell out of favor with the emperor and only his wifes friendship with the empress saved him. His later years were spent in relative peace. Find out more about the generals life and achievements in your Guides Concise Biography of General Belisarius. Myths About Belisarius: A great deal of misinformation was generated about Belisarius centuries after his death. One notable story had him blinded by Justinian and wandering the streets as a beggar. There is absolutely no truth to these stories, but they have served as the basis for epic tales, novels and plays. More Belisarius Resources: Concise Biography of General BelisariusGeneral Belisarius on the Web BelisariusConcise overview at Infoplease.Gothic War: Byzantine Count Belisarius Retakes RomeComprehensive overview of the Byzantine generals attempt to retake the city of Rome from the Goths, by Erik Hildinger at Military History magazine, online at TheHistoryNet. ByzantiumMedieval WarfareMedieval Military Leaders QuizChronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2007-2016 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is  not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/bwho/p/who_belisarius.htm

Is there such a thing as genuine emotion Discuss with reference to the Essay - 1

Is there such a thing as genuine emotion Discuss with reference to the concept of emotional labour in the workplace - Essay Example Many CEOs believed that emotions would get in the way of managers being able to make good decisions (Grandey, 2000). Research has shown however, that emotions can be a very positive aspect of the workplace and can be used to meet organizational goals. In his play, â€Å"As You Like It,† Shakespeare wrote, â€Å"All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shakespeare, 2003). If this is true, then each of us is an emotional actor who plays various roles upon the state of home, work and the community. At home with family and friends, we act one way and with friends we act in a different way. In the workplace, most people have a totally different persona because they want to do their best and they may feel that emotions make them vulnerable. The challenge is that the average person cannot leave who they are totally at home; they will bring some of who they are to the workplace and this includes their emotions. According to Grandey (2000) emotional labor can involve â€Å"enhancing, faking or suppressing emotions to modify the emotional expression† (p. 95). Emotional labor has display rules that decide how emotions are to be expressed inside the organization. The rules may be told in some way to employees through training materials or they may be learned by observing other co-workers. There may be specific emotions that must be used in specific situations in organizations. As an example, anyone working in customer service will need to smile and be friendly to customers in order to keep customers happy. This is one example of how emotions come into an organization and can be used successfully. There are many theories about emotional labor in the workplace. The first theory began with Hochschild in 1983. Hochschild is a sociologist and saw emotional labor as â€Å"the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display† (Grandey, 2000, p. 96). He observed this from the perspective of the

Literature review (2) major project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature review (2) major project - Essay Example It shall also relate these studies to each other in terms of consistency across a variety of variables. The therapist-driven approach in respiratory therapy as described by the American Association of Respiratory Care (Des Jardins & Burton, 2006, p. 131) focuses first on delivering individualized diagnostic and therapeutic care to patients; second, on assisting the physician in evaluating the needs of the patient; third, on determining the indications for respiratory therapy and what mode would work best in providing quality health services to the patient; and lastly, on empowering practitioners in allocating signs-and-symptoms based algorithms for patient treatment. This type of therapy is based on the individual needs of a patient. The interaction with the therapist would primarily decide the treatment protocols for the patient. Each patient has unique qualities and unique needs that often ultimately influence the choices that would work best for patients. The therapist-driven protocols are also known for being specific respiratory care services which are implemented under the supervision of the respiratory care practitioners (Stoller, 1998, p. 408). It primarily seeks to implement care services for patients more specifically based on their needs, and administered by experts in respiratory care. The development of the care is collaborative and planned with the assistance of the other members of the health care team equipped with the necessary expertise as regards respiratory care. The collaboration takes into consideration all factors pertinent to the needs of the patient. More often than not, the therapist-driven approach extends to the respiratory consult service, also known as the evaluate-and-treat program. This is a program â€Å"in which respiratory care is directed by respiratory care practitioners based on a menu of protocols for individual respiratory care services† (Stoller, 1998,